Resistencia sistémica adquirida mediada por el ácido salicílico
Resumen
La Resistencia SistémicaAdquirida (RSA)protege a la planta de una infección secundaria por patógenos biotróficos, necrotróficos y hemibiotróficos. La inducción de RSA ocurre en dos etapas, en una primera la planta reconoce el patógeno e induce las respuestas locales de defensa a través de cascadas de señalización que conllevan a la acumulación intracelular de Ácido Salicílico (AS). Esta acumulación induce el aumento de los niveles de Especies Reactivas del Oxígeno (ERO)y expresión de genes relacionados a la patogenicidad (rp). Esta respuesta local promueve la segunda etapa de RSA: inducción deresistencia en el tejido sistémico alejadodel punto de infección. Se cree que el Salicilato de Metilo(SaMe), algunas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos(QAM) y el Oxido Nítrico(ON), entre otros, pueden tener un papel relevante como señales inductoras de la resistencia sistémica. Enla RSA hay una estrecha relación entre el AS, el Ácido Jasmónico(AJ), las auxinas, el etileno y las proteínas RP1 y NPR1. La presente revisión describe los avances en el entendimiento de la señalización molecular para la inducción dela RSA mediada por el AS.
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