Pollinator dependency determines the susceptibility to habitat fragmentation of Mucuna mutisiana (Kunth) D.C. Fabaceae in the Tropical Dry Forest of the Colombian Caribbean
Abstract
Plant responses to habitat fragmentation are determined by their reproductive system and the level of specialization in their pollination system. One way to understand possible responses is through reproductive success, degree of self-compatibility, and susceptibility to pollination. Mucuna mutisiana, a liana typical of secondary forests and associated with the banks of rivers in the Tropical Dry Forests (BsT) of the Colombian Caribbean, flowers throughout the year, although it is more frequent in the rainy season, most visits to Its flowers are caused by nectarivores bats, mainly Glossophaga soricina and Glossophaga longirostris. We describe that the specialization of pollination increases this susceptibility to fragmentation due to the negative effect it has on the reproductive success of plants by limiting the quantity or quality of the pollen they receive. Using controlled pollination methods, the reproductive susceptibility to pollen limitation was evaluated through the reproductive success of Mucuna mutisiana. We performed a consistent artificial pollination factorial experiment with different levels of pollen limitation that allowed us to estimate the production of fruits and seeds. We report that M. mutisiana is partially self-compatible, with an ISI = 0.776 and reproductive success of 34.04% when visited by its effective pollinators. An analysis of variance showed that there is differentiation in fruit production between the different levels of controlled pollination, being higher in natural pollination and pollination with own pollen, unlike cross pollination where the results were not significant. In addition, no differences were found between seed production by natural pollination and by self-pollination, with a higher seed production being observed in cross-pollination. This confirms that M. mutisiana has an affinity for its own pollen depending on its pollinators, it is evident that they are facultative xenogamous with mixed mating, which gives them reproductive security with advantages for the fitness of their populations. This is a particularly clear focus for developing native habitat restoration and conservation strategies.
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