Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud e intervenciones emergentes en EPOC: revisión de literatura
Resumen
La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es una enfermedad con amplias implicaciones sociales y económicas, su incidencia mundial seguirá aumentando, siendo para la próxima década la cuarta causa global de muerte. El deterioro físico subsecuente a la disfunción pulmonar, trae consigo cambios multisistémicos que desencadenan la reducción de la capacidad funcional del individuo, dichos fenómenos están relacionados con la severidad de los síntomas y también el nivel detrimento del sistema cardiovascular y musculoesquelético. Por ende, los pacientes con EPOC tienden a reducir su calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y consigo, una reducción de la expectativa de vida. El tratamiento del paciente con esta enfermedad no se limita a la farmacoterapia y tratamientos paliativos secundarios, sino que también trasciende en la identificación e intervención de factores que afectan la CVRS. La presente revisión tuvo los objetivos de explorar, analizar y exponer evidencia científica conspicua que asocia a la funcionalidad y CVRS en pacientes con EPOC. Los hallazgos muestran la importancia de evaluar e intervenir los factores que reducen la CVRS. Alternativas como la educación y coaching en salud parecen lograr reducir el impacto de la enfermedad en diversas esferas del individuo.
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