Critical Asthma Syndrome. Narrative review
Abstract
Asthma is the most common chronic lung disease in children. Near-fatal asthma, acute severe asthma, status asthmaticus, refractory asthma, or fragile asthma refers to suffering a life-threatening episode of severe asthmatic crisis and it occurs most frequently in patients with severe asthma but it can occur in mild or moderate asthma and in uncontrolled asthma patients. There is no standardized definition of the term. Therefore, the term Critical Asthma Syndrome (CAS) has been proposed as an umbrella term covering the terms historically used to refer to the risk of death from asthma due to sudden and severe deterioration of vital signs which could progress to respiratory failure and death.
A search in the Pubmed database for the terms “status asthmaticus”, “severe asthma”, “severe asthma attack”, “life-threatening asthma”, “acute severe asthma”, “near fatal asthma”, “critical asthma”, “critical asthma syndrome” was carried out, followed by a narrative review of CAS taking into account epidemiological and pathophysiological aspects, clinical manifestations according to the phenotypes described, diagnosis, and treatment.
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