Tropical spastic paraparesis / HTLV-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM). Case reports in Colombian pacific coast
Abstract
Hospital-ship San Raffael of the Italian-Colombian Foundation of Monte Tabor develops a social and humanitarian function in the departments of Colombian pacific coast under the support of the Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud of University del Cauca. In two medical missions (March-2011 and February-2012) in Salahonda, a little town in the department of Nariño, three patients were evaluated because a spastic paraparesis manifested as a chronic and progressive myelopathy. The analysis was positive for HTLV-I and II retroviruses (third generation ELISA test) in the Laboratory of Immunology at the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Cauca, so the diagnosis of definitive Tropical Spastic Paraparesis/HTLV Associated Myelopathy (TSP/HAM) was made. A call is made to the universities and their schools of Medicine as well as to the Public Health authorities in the departments with coasts on the pacific ocean to look again into the investigations and advance in the studies of these cases not only in the Pacific littoral, but also in the Andes regions of Colombia.Downloads
References
Poiesz BJ, Ruscetti FW, Gazdar AF, Bunn PA, Minna JD, Gallo RC. Detection and Isolation of type-C Retroviruses Particles from Fresh and Cultured Lymphocytes of a Patient with Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1980; 77(12): 7415-19.
Gessain A, Barin F, Vernant JC et al. Antibodies to Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type-I in Patients with Tropical Spastic Paraparesis. Lancet. 1985; 2(8452): 407-08.
Osame M, Usuku K, Izumo S, et al. HTLV-I associated Myelopathy, a New Clinical Entity. Lancet. 1986; 1 (8488): 1031-32.
Vrielink H, Reesink HW. HTLV-I/II prevalence in Different Geographic Locations. Transfus Med Rev. 2004; 18(1): 46-57.
Zaninovic V. Reappraisal of HTLV-I Associated Diseases. In HTLV Truths and Questions. Zaninovic V (ed). Colciencias, Fundación MAR, Cali, 1996: p 301-13.
Arango C, Concha M, Zaninovic V, Corral R, Biojo R, Borrero I. Epidemiology of Tropical Spastic Paraparesis in Colombia and Associated HTLV-I Infection. Ann Neurol. 1988;23 Suppl: S161-65.
Trujillo JM, Concha M, Muñoz A, Bergonzoli G, Mora C, Borrero I. Seroprevalence and Cofactors of HTLV-I Infection in Tumaco, Colombia. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1992; 8(5): 651-57.
Ramirez H, Levin A, Blattner WA et al. Aspectos epidemiológicos de la infección por virus HTLV-I en localidades del Valle del Cauca y costa del Pacifico. Colombia Médica. 1988; 19: 53-57.
Arango C, Concha M, Trujillo JM, Biojo R. Tropical Spastic Paraparesis Associated risk factors in Tumaco, Colombia. In Human Retrovirology: HTLV. Blattner WA, New York Reaven Press Ltd. 1990: p. 337-42.
Biojo R. Tumaco: Un foco endémico de Paraparesia Espástica Tropical. En HTLV-I. Paraparesia Espástica y Linfoma. VIH/SIDA. Retrovirus Humanos. Zaninovic V. Fundación MAR, Cali. 1989. p. 53-61.
Zaninovic V, Biojo R, Barreto P. Paraparesia espástica del Pacifico. Colombia Médica. 1981; 12: 111-17.
Zamora TO, Szocs J, Zaninovic V. Paraparesia espástica tropical, artropatía inflamatoria crónica, lesión cerebral y carcinoma de vejiga en una paciente con HTLV-1. Acta Neurol Colomb. 2002; 18: 66-68.
Zamora TO, Lara B. Mielopatia HTLV-1. Tribuna Médica. Jun; 91 (6): 315-24.
Zamora TO, Zaninovic V, Kajiwara M, Komoda H, Hayami M, Tahima K. Antibody to HTLV-1 in Indigenous Inhabitants of the Andes and amazon regions in Colombia. Jap J Cancer Science. 1990; 81 (2): 715-19.
Roman GC. The Neuroepidemiology of Tropical Spastic Paraparesis. Ann Neurol. 1988; 23 (Suppl): S113-20.
Roman GC, Roman LN, Spencer PS, Schoemberg BS. Tropical Spastic Paraparesis: A Neuroepidemiological study in Colombia. Ann Neurol. 1985; 17: 361-65.
Zaninovic V, Moreno D, Payan C, Rodríguez A. A propósito de 5 casos de Paraparesia Espástica Tropical en Puerto Tejada (Cauca). Colombia Médica. 1997; 28(2): 67-70.
Araujo A. Tropical Spastic Paraparesis in Brazil. In HTLV Truths and Questions. Zaninovic V (ed). Cali; Colciencias, Fundación MAR. 1996. Pp 140-49.
Araujo A, Hall WW. Human T-Lymphotropic virus type- II and neurological disease. Ann Neurol. 2004;56 (1): 10-19.
Carod-Artal FJ. Inmunopatogénesis y tratamiento de la mielopatia asociada al virus linfotrópico humano de células T (HTLV-I). Rev Neurol. 2009; 48 (3): 147-55.
Posada-Vergara MP, Montanheiro P, Fukumori LMI, et al. Clinical and Epidemiological aspects of HTLV-II infection in Sao Paulo, Brazil: Presence of Tropical Spastic Paraparesis/HTLV Associated Myelopathy (TSP/HAM). Simil Diagnosis in HIV-I Co-Infected Subjects. Rev Inst Med Trop S. Paulo; 48 (4): 207-10.
Rosero F, Aguirre C, Orjuela DL, Rosero M. Paraparesia espástica tropical en un paciente con HTLV-I. Revista Médica de Risaralda. 2010;16 (2): 77-82.
Guevara GM. Paraparesia Espástica Tropical en ancianos. Reporte de un caso. Rev Asoc Colomb Gerontol Geriatr.2005; 19 (3): 835-39.
Nakamura T, Nishiura Y, Eguchi K. Therapeutic Strategies in HTLV-I-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Cent Nerv Syst Agents in Med Chem. 2009; 9: 137-49.
Shuh M, Beilke M. The Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type-1 (HTLV-1): New Insights into the Clinical Aspects and Molecular Pathogenesis of Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) and Tropical Spastic Paraparesis/HTLV-Associated Myelopathy (TSP/HAM). Microsc Res and Techn; 68 (3-4): 176-96.
Grindstaff P, Gruener G. The Peripheral Nervous System Complications of HTLV-1 Myelopathy (HAM/TSP) Syndromes. Seminars in Neurology. 2005; 25 (3): 315-27.
Saito M. Immunogenetics and the Pathological Mechanisms of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2010;(Art ID 478461): 1-8.
Alarcon-Aviles T, Alarcon-Guzman T, Román GC. Neuroinfección por el HTLV-I. Rev Ecuat Neurol. 2002; 11 (3): 254-58.
Gessain A, Cassar O. Epidemiological Aspects and World Distribution of HTLV-1 Infections. Front in Microbiol. 2012; 3: 1-23
Oh U, Jacobson S. Treatment of HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis: Toward Rational Targeted Therapy. Neurol Clin. 2008; 26(3): 781-795.
Buggage RR. Ocular Manifestations of Human T-cell Lymphotropic virus Type-1 Infection Curr Opin Ophtalmol. 2003; 14 (6): 420-25.
Roman GC Tropical Myelopathies. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014; 121: 1521-48.
Lotan I, Khlebtovsky A, Inbar E, Strenov J, Diadeltti R, Steiner I. Primary brain T-cell Lymphoma in an HTLV-1 serologically positive male. J Neurol Sci. 2012; 314 (1-2): 163-65
Bittencourt AL, de Oliveira MdeF. Cutaneous manifestations associated with HTLV-1 Infection. Int J Dermatol. 2010;49 (10): 1099-110.
Rathsam-Pinheiro RH, Boa-Sorte N, Castro-Lima-Vargens C, Pinheiro CA, Castro-Lima H, Galvao-Castro B. Ocular lesions in HTLV-1 infected patients from Salvador, State of Bahia: the city with the Highest Prevalence of this Infection in Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2009;42 (6): 633-37.
Alamy AH, Menezes FB, Leite AC, Nascimento OM, Araujo AQ. Dysautonomia in Human T-cell Lymphotropic virus Type-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis. Ann Neuro.l 2001; 50 (5): 681-85.
Gessain A, Mahieux R. Tropical Spastic Paraparesis and HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy: Clinical, Epidemiological, Virological and Therapeutic Aspects. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2012;168 (3): 257-69.
Aye MM, Matsuoka E, Moritoyo T et al. Histopathological analysis of four autopsy cases of HTLV-I-Asso ciated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis: Inflammatory changes occur simmultaneously in the entire Central Nervous System. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 2000; 100 (3): 245-52.
De Castro-Costa CM, Araujo AQ, Barreto MM, Takayanaki MM, Sohler MP, da Silva EL, et al. Proposal for diagnostic criteria of tropical spastic paparesis/HTLV-I associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM). AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2006; 22(10): 931-35.
Camero-Proietti AB, Catalan-Soares BC, Castro-Costa CM, Murphy EL, Sabino EC, Hisada M, Galvao-Castro B, Alcantara LC, et al. HTLV in the Americas: Challenges and Perspectives. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2006; 19 (1): 44-53.
Romanelli LC, Caramelli P, Martins ML, Goncalves DU, Proietti AB, Ribas JG, et al. Incidence of Human T-cell Lymphotropic virus Type-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis in a longterm prospective cohort study of initially asymptomatic individuals in Brazil. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses.
; 29 (9): 1199-202.
Orland JR, Engstrom J, Fridev J, Sacher RA, Smith JW, Nass C, et al. Prevalence and Clinical features of HTLV Neurologic disease in the HTLV Outcome Study. 2003; 61 (11): 1588-594.
Waldman TA, Dubois S, Tagaya Y. Contrasting roles of IL-2 and IL-15 in the life and death of Lymphocytes: Implications for Immunotherapy. Immunity. 2001; 14 (2): 105-10
Martin F, Taylor GP. Prospects for the management of Human T-cell Lymphotropic virus Type-1 associated myelopathy. AIDS Rev. 2011; 13 (3): 161-70.
Croda MG, de Oliveira AC, Vergara MP, Bonasser F, Smid J, Duarte AJ, Casseb J. Corticosteroid therapy in TSP/HAM patients: the results from a 10 years open cohort. J Neurol Sci. 2008; 269 (1-2): 133-37.
Harrington WJr, Sheremata WA, Sudgrass SR, Emerson S, Phillips S, Berger JR. Tropical Spastic Paraparesis / HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy (TSP/HAM): Treatment with an anabolic steroid Danazol. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1991;7 (12): 1031-34.
Boostani R, Saber H, Etemadi M. Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP): A Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2013; 16 (3): 213-16.
Shirabe S, Nakamura T, Tsujino A, et al. Successfull applications of Pentoxifilline in the Treatment of HTLV-I-Associated Myelopathy. J Neurol Sci. 1997; 151 (1): 97-101.
Kuroda Y, Takashima H, Ikeda A, et al. Treatment of HTLV-I-Associated Myelopathy with high-dose Intravenous Gammaglobulin. J Neurol. 1991; 238 (6): 309-14.
Gold R, Stangel M, Dalakas MC. Drug Insight: The use of intravenous Immunoglobulin in Neurology – Therapeutic considerations and Practical issues. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2007; 3 (1): 36-44.
Moens B, Decanine D, Menezes SM, Khouri R, Silva-Santos G, Lopez G, Alvarez C, et al. Ascorbic acid has superior ex-vivo antiproliferative, cell death-inducing and immunomodulatory effects over IFN-α in HTLV-1
Associated myelopathy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012; 6 (7): e1729.
Matsuro H, Nakamura T, Tsujihata M, et al. Plasmapheresis in the Treatment of Human T-Lymphotropic virus Type-I Associated Myelopathy. Lancet. 1988; 2 (8620): 1109-13.
Enose-Akahata Y, Matsura E, Tanaka Y, Oh U, Jacobson S. Minocycline modulates antigen-specific CTL activity through inactivation of mononuclear phagocytes in patients with HTLV-I Associated neurologic diseases. Retrovirology. 2012; 9: 16-18.
Kira J. Therapeutic benefits of an oral vitamin B1 derivative for human T-Lymphotropic virus Type-1 associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). BMC Med. 2013; 11: 83-84.
Izumo S, Goto I, Itoyama Y, et al. Interferon-alpha is effective in HTLV-I-Associated Myelopathy: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Neurology. 1996; 46 (4): 1016-21.
Kinpara S, Kiliyama M, Takamori A, Hasegawa A, Sasada A, Masuda T, Tanaka Y, et al. Interferon-α (IFN-α) supresses HTLV-1 gene expresion and cell cycling, while IFN-α combined with Zidovudine induces p53 signaling and apoptosis in HTLV-1 infected cells. Retrovirology. 2013; 10:52.
Costa DT, Sundberg M, Passos L, Muñiz AL, Santos S. Interferon Beta-1 improves urinary symptoms, reduces proviral load, and modifies the immune response in a patient with HAM/TSP. Case Rep Neurol Med.
; 2012: 958786.
Alfonso PV, Mekaouche M, Mortreaux F, Toulza F, Moriceau A, Wattel E, et al. Highly active antiretroviral treatment against STLV-1 Infection combining reverse transcriptase and HDAC inhibitors. Blood. 2010; 116 (19): 3802-08.
Balestrieri E, Forte G, Matteucci C, Mastino A, Macchi B. Effect of lamivudine on transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus Type-I to adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002;46 (9): 3080-83.
Olindo S, Belrose G, Gillet N, Rodriguez S, Boxus M, Verlaeten O, et al. Safety of long-term treatment of HAM/TSP patients with valproic acid. Blood. 2011; 118 (24): 6306-09.
McInnes IB, Gracie JA. Interleukin-15: a new cytokine target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2004; 4 (4): 392-97.
Waldmann TA. Anti-Tac (daclizumab-Zenapax) in the treatment of leukemia, autoimmune diseases and in the prevention of allograft rejection: a 25-year personal odyssey, J Clin Immunol. 2007; 27 (1): 1-18.
.png)
