Factores de riesgo para alteraciones posturales en niños y adolescentes y el rol del fisioterapeuta en su manejo. Revisión narrativa
Resumen
La escoliosis, hipercifosis cervical e hiperlordosis lumbar son desórdenes musculoesqueléticos de la columna vertebral que con frecuencia inician en la niñez y la adolescencia. Estudios mostraron alta incidencia de alteraciones posturales en estas etapas del curso de vida, con causas multifactoriales y que llegan a afectar la salud aún en la adultez. En Colombia hay poca información sobre los factores de riesgo posturales y el papel del fisioterapeuta en esta población, que sumado a las características del entorno escolar y nacional pueden profundizar la problemática, por lo que se pone en evidencia la necesidad de implementar programas que disminuyan la incidencia de estas alteraciones posturales partiendo desde su conocimiento.
El propósito del presente manuscrito fue revisar las evidencias actuales sobre factores de riesgo y la importancia de la intervención del fisioterapeuta en niños y adolescentes en relación con la postura. Los principales factores de riesgo intrínsecos fueron la edad, sexo, raza y genética, y los extrínsecos el peso excesivo de la mochila, el inadecuado uso del mobiliario escolar y tiempos prolongados en determinadas posiciones. Se ha concluido, además, que el fisioterapeuta en su desempeño con población infantil y adolescente cumple un destacado rol en la prevención y diagnóstico de alteraciones posturales, evitando complicaciones tempranas e impactando positivamente en la salud de esta población.
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Disciplinas:
Ciencias de la salud, Fisioterapia, PediatríaReferencias bibliográficas
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