Producción de un material biocompuesto a base de micelio por medio de fermentación sólida usando Pleurotus ostreatus
Resumen
El poliestireno expandido (EPS) es un material generalmente utilizado como embalaje y la cantidad de desechos de EPS acumulados en los vertederos ha impulsado el avance en la producción de materiales biocompuestos como los producidos a partir de micelios fúngicos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo principal la producción de un material biocompuesto obtenido a partir del micelio de la cepa Pleurotus ostreatus usando afrecho de malta y salvado de trigo como sustrato con miras a ser usado como material para empaques y embalajes. Se realizaron tres mezclas diferentes, mezcla A (50 % afrecho y 50 % salvado); mezcla B (30 % afrecho y 70 % salvado) y mezcla C (0 % afrecho y 100 % salvado) para la realización de fermentaciones sólidas. Para la caracterización se midió el contenido de humedad, resistencia a la compresión, densidad, absorción de agua, conductividad eléctrica y pH. La mezcla que obtuvo mejor colonización y propiedades fue la mezcla A con valores de esfuerzo de compresión promedio de 110,04 kPa para un 10 % de deformación, absorción de agua máxima de 172,01 % (36 horas), pH de 5,88, conductividad eléctrica de 1860 µS/cm y una densidad de 233,17 kg/m3. Al comparar las propiedades con el EPS se encuentra que el esfuerzo a la compresión es similar, sin embargo, propiedades como la densidad y la absorción del agua presenta valores muy altos para que el biocompuesto pueda usarse en embalaje.
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Disciplinas:
Biotecnología, fermentación, Aprovechamiento de Biomasa, Biomasa lignocelulosicaLenguajes:
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