Films de almidón termoplástico. influencia de la incorporación de hidroxipropil-metil-celulosa y ácido cítrico
Resumen
En este trabajo se analiza la influencia de la adición de ácido cítrico (CA) e hidroxipropil-
metil-celulosa (HPMC) en películas de almidón termoplástico obtenidas por
moldeo-compresión. Se consideraron dos proporciones de HPMC respecto al almidón
(10% y 20%) siendo la proporción almidón: CA de 1: 0,01. Las películas se
caracterizaron a nivel micro- y nano-estructural mediante las técnicas de
microscopia electrónica de barrido (SEM) y difracción de rayos-X. Además,
se caracterizó la solubilidad en agua de las películas y CA ligado, así como
las propiedades mecánicas, térmicas y barrera. Las películas de almidón-
HPMC mostraron separación de fases a nivel micro-estructural aunque el
análisis de la transición vítrea pone de manifiesto miscibilidad parcial del
almidón y HPMC que se acentúa con la adición de CA. La incorporación de
HPMC y CA supuso la disminución de la permeabilidad al vapor de agua y un
ligero incremento de la permeabilidad al oxígeno. La adición de CA dio lugar
a valores mayores del módulo de elasticidad y descenso de la extensibilidad
de los films, en concordancia con la formación de entrecruzamiento de
cadenas. Las propiedades ópticas revelan la disminución de la compacidad
del material con la presencia CA dando por resultado mayor transparencia.
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