Caracterización bromatológica de residuos de frutas
Resumen
En Colombia, actualmente se genera una gran cantidad de residuos de frutas. Estos causan un impacto ambiental negativo debido a su alta carga orgánica. Sin embargo, este tipo de residuos presentan en su estructura compuestos que pueden ser aprovechados con el fin de disminuir el impacto ambiental y obtener un valor agregado. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar bromatológicamente dieciséis residuos del procesamiento de frutas en Colombia, con el fin de proponer un posible uso en la industria alimentaria. La caracterización bromatológica de los residuos se realizó mediante la cuantificación de materia seca (ASTM E1756-08), cenizas (ASTM E1755-01), proteínas (método Kjeldahl), grasas brutas (Método Oficial AOAC), fibra dietética total (AOAC 993.21) y carbohidratos. Se encontró que las semillas de uva y guanábana, piel de lulo y vástago de tomate de árbol presentan el contenido de fibra dietética total más alto con porcentajes superiores al 50 %. Asimismo, las semillas de tomate de árbol, guanábana, mandarina y naranja son una fuente importante de proteínas y grasas crudas, con valores superiores al 12 y 27 %, respectivamente. También, se encontró que la piña, el mango, la guanábana y la cáscara de uva tienen un contenido de carbohidratos superior al 50%. En conclusión, los resultados de este estudio demuestran que los residuos de frutas tienen un uso potencial en la industria alimentaria, debido a su contenido de proteína, grasa cruda, fibra dietética total y carbohidratos.
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