Hidrólisis endo-enzimatica y produccion de etanol a partir del banano de rechazo
Resumen
Los polisacáridos del banano de rechazo verde (Variedad Cavendish AAA), de la zona de Urabá, fueron hidrolizados eficientemente, utilizando tratamiento endo-enzimático a altas temperaturas. Posteriormente los azúcares simples fueron extraídos y los jugos resultantes fermentados con levaduras comerciales. Al final del proceso se determinó la concentración de etanol y se calcularon los rendimientos. Primero, se desarrollaron experimentos a escala de 1,0 Kg y se determinaron las mejores condiciones de hidrólisis: Concentración de etileno exógeno (50 ppm), temperatura (33°C) y cantidad de Ca(OH)2 (10 g/Kg de banano), adecuada para la extracción. Teniendo como referencias las condiciones anteriores, fue escalado el proceso a 40 Kg, para determinar la metodología de extracción de los azúcares (en contracorriente), mediante la utilización de lechada de cal (1,0%), para precipitar los sólidos, centrifugación y posterior neutralización con H2SO4 hasta pH 5,5. Finalmente los jugos ricos en azúcares fueron fermentados con levaduras a 5 g/L, donde se alcanzó un rendimiento de 52 mL de etanol/Kg de banano. Estos resultados indican que el proceso es promisorio para producir alcohol a gran escala, Sin embargo se debe mejorar, para que sea competitivo con los rendimientos obtenidos con de caña de azúcar (86 mL de etanol/Kg de caña).
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