Nutritional quality of grasses and forages in different agroecological zones and their relationship with milk production in dual-purpose cattle systems in the department of Huila, Colombia
Resumen
In the Andean tropics of Colombia, dual-purpose cattle systems rely predominantly on native and introduced grasses and forages as the primary nutritional resource. However, the diverse agroecological conditions of regions such as the department of Huila result in substantial variation in grasses and forages quality, which is not always adequately characterized. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional quality of key grasses, forages species and analyze their relationship with milk production across different agroecological zones (central, northern, and western) of the department of Huila. Representative samples of three grass species (Hyparrhenia rufa, Cynodon nlemfuensis, Brachiaria decumbens) and one leguminous tree (Gliricidia sepium) were collected from dual-purpose cattle farms and subjected to proximate chemical (bromatological) analysis to determine moisture, crude protein, crude fiber, ash, and ether extract content. Statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) were found between zones in protein, crude fiber, and ash content for H. rufa and C. nlemfuensis. In B. decumbens, significant variation was observed in moisture, fiber, ash, and lipid content among zones (p ≤ 0.01). Additionally, cutting age had a significant and negative effect (p < 0.01) on daily milk yield. G. sepium maintained a consistently high protein content across all zones (p > 0.05), highlighting its adaptive potential during dry seasons. The findings demonstrate that grasses and forages nutritional composition is strongly influenced by agroecological zone and management practices. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating bromatological assessments and milk production data as a basis for strategic decision-making, with the goal of improving productivity and sustainability in dual-purpose cattle systems in the department of Huila.
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