Importancia de la encapsulación de probióticos: gelificación iónica y coacervación compleja como técnicas prometedoras para uso alimentario
Resumen
La microflora intestinal cuenta con microorganismos vivos que promueven el bienestar y la salud del intestino y de manera indirecta de diferentes sistemas del cuerpo. Cuando se suministran microorganismos probióticos en dosis correcta y de manera adecuada, estos contribuyen a la disminución de adquirir ciertas enfermedades; los probióticos cuentan con numerosas propiedades que inciden sobre la microflora del organismo resultando beneficiosos principalmente en la salud intestinal y en el sistema inmunológico, que pueden ser suministrados por productos nutraceúticos o por alimentos funcionales. Sin embargo, existen limitaciones en su uso debido a que son sensibles bajo condiciones adversas del entorno, se degradan en matrices alimentarias en condiciones ácidas del tracto gastrointestinal, lugar donde deben ejercer su mecanismo de acción para generar los efectos benéficos en la salud del hospedero. Por lo tanto, es importante la implementación de estrategias que brinden protección a los probióticos frente a condiciones no favorables, para mantener significativamente la viabilidad durante el procesamiento y en el sistema digestivo. Existen diversas técnicas de encapsulación, entre ellas la gelificación iónica y la coacervación compleja, ambos métodos con grandes bondades para la protección de microorganismos probióticos y amplias ventajas para la aplicación en diferentes matrices alimentarias; estas técnicasse realizan con materiales no tóxicos, naturales y aprobados para el consumo humano. La presente revisión tiene por objetivo presentar aspectos importantes sobre los microorganismos probióticos en la industria de alimentos, en la salud, y la necesidad de las barreras de protección con enfoque principalmente en el método de gelificación iónica y coacervación compleja como técnicas emergentes de encapsulación.
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Encapsulación de probóticosLenguajes:
Español; CastellanoReferencias bibliográficas
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